{"id":1187,"date":"2007-02-02T17:30:07","date_gmt":"2007-02-02T13:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dominicana-online.org\/?p=1187"},"modified":"2018-07-31T20:18:11","modified_gmt":"2018-07-31T20:18:11","slug":"trujillo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/historia\/trujillo\/","title":{"rendered":"Rafael Leonidas Trujillo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>He had joined the National Guard during the years of occupation, where he trained with the Americans and made a career. He took advantage of his promotions and accumulated wealth and power with the pretext of serving\u00a0Horacio\u00a0V\u00e1squez. In 1929, an administrative-financial audit conducted by Americans, who had been hired by the President of the Republic, revealed the ways in which Trujillo, using his position as Chief of the Army, was embezzling financial resources.\u00a0V\u00e1squez\u00a0ignored the recommendations he received from the auditors and left Trujillo in the same position.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/02\/rafael-trujillo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-8754\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/02\/rafael-trujillo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a>After Trujillo and his ally,\u00a0Estrella\u00a0Ure\u00f1a, led a successful coup\u00a0d\u2019\u00e9tat\u00a0on February 23, 1930, they proceeded to organize elections on\u00a0May 16. One of the candidacies was that of Trujillo for President and\u00a0Estrella\u00a0Ure\u00f1a\u00a0for Vice-president. They were supported by a large part of the country\u2019s nationalist, liberal and republican elite. The other candidacy was that of Federico Vel\u00e1zquez and\u00a0\u00c1ngel\u00a0Morales for President and Vice-president respectively.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The electoral campaign was conducted under the terror produced by Trujillo and his paramilitary band known as \u201cLa 42\u201d. This group was led by army major Miguel Angel\u00a0Paulino\u00a0and was dedicated to persecute, intimidate and kill. Even the members of the Central Electoral Board were forced to resign on May 7, and were replaced by people who responded to the will of whom had already become the dictator.\u00a0 Under these conditions, on May 24, 1930, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina was declared President of the Republic.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Monopolies<\/b><b>.<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b>If he had obtained great financial gains during his tenure as Chief of the Army, the presidency would give him the opportunity to turn the country into his own farm:<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Salt- In 1931 he took ownership of salt production and sale when he closed the operations of sea salt mining and forced the country to consume salt from the mines in\u00a0Barahona\u00a0which were controlled by him. This would generate DR$400,000 net annually.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Meat- He took over the butcher shops in Santo Domingo, which produced a DR$500,000 annually.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Rice- He banned the importation of rice and only allowed the consumption of domestic rice which was distributed by one of\u00a0his many personal companies.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Milk- He controlled the sale and distribution of dairy products through the Central\u00a0Lechera\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Tobacco- He forced the owner of the\u00a0Compa\u00f1\u00eda\u00a0An\u00f3nima\u00a0Tabacalera\u00a0(Tobacco Company) to sell him shares of the company and later, forced them to hand the company over to him almost entirely.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Footwear- Citizens were not allowed to walk barefoot, and the only source of footwear was his shoe factory, Dominican Factory of Footwear.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Paint- He ordered every house to be painted annually, which guaranteed good revenue from his company, Dominican Paint.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Sugar- In 1948, he started investing in the sugar industry. He\u00a0confiscated\u00a0land from small farmers, and bought sugar refineries. By 1955, he owned the refineries:\u00a0Porvenir,\u00a0Ozama, Amistad, Monte Blanco,\u00a0Barahona, Consuelo,\u00a0Quisqueya, Boca\u00a0Chica, Las\u00a0Pajas, Santa Fe,\u00a0Catarey\u00a0and Rio\u00a0Haina.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Banking- He opened a bank to process government checks. The bank was managed by his wife and State employees could receive their paychecks in advance after paying a fee.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Insurance- He \u201cpurchased\u201d shares of an insurance company, and then renamed it \u201cSan Rafael\u201d.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Public Works. He received hefty commissions for the concession of every public work construction contract.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The following were also part of his personal wealth: La\u00a0Altagracia\u00a0Distillery, Dominican Industrial Society, Cottonseed Oil Refinery, Dominican Windmills, Dominican Cement Factory, Sacks and Cord Factory, Glass Factory, National Paper Industry, Atlas Commercial Co., Caribbean Motors, Dominican Aviation Company, Read Hardware Store, La\u00a0Nacion\u00a0Newspaper, Mahogany Industry, Sawmill\u00a0Santelises, Dominican Shipping Company, and\u00a0Niguas\u00a0Industries.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">He also intervened in the operations of the San Cristobal Armory, the Electric Company and the\u00a0Haina\u00a0Shipyard.<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Ten percent of the salary of public officials went to the Dominican Party (Trujillo\u2019s political party).<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>At the end of his life and his government, Trujillo controlled close to 80% of the industrial production, employing, through the State and his own corporations, 60% of the country\u2019s economically active population.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Economic Growth<\/b>.\u00a0Since the national economy was indeed his personal economy, Trujillo insisted on developing the country\u2019s production activity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Agriculture<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Trujillo continued the agricultural development policy initiated by the government during the occupation and sustained by his predecessor,\u00a0Horacio\u00a0V\u00e1squez. In this way, he promoted a program of agricultural colonization, and dedicated to cultivation tens of thousands of hectares of land that had been previously abandoned. Agricultural production increased in every area, and the country became self-sufficient in the cultivation of rice, maize, beans, and other provisions. At the end of the fifties, sugar, coffee, cacao and tobacco represented 90% of Dominican exports.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Industrialization<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>A\u00a0series of industries in the areas of edible oil, cement, drinks, liquor, paper, sausages, processed milk, nails, bottles, glass, coffee, meats, chocolate, candies, marble, medicines, bread, paint, sacks,\u00a0and\u00a0cords and knits\u00a0operated\u00a0under Trujillo\u2019s personal empire.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Urbanization<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>The enormous public works plan implemented throughout his thirty years of tyranny, the increasing modernization of the cities and towns that were provided with electricity, aqueducts, medical centers, and schools, and the location of the industries in cities (particularly Santo Domingo), contributed to the modification of the demographic pattern, and motivated the relocation of many rural families\u00a0to urban areas. In 1930, 84% of\u00a0the population lived in the countryside, and by 1960, only 60% of the population remained there.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Finances<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>In 1940, after years of negotiations with the United States, the Trujillo-Hull Treaty was signed, and ratified later on February 15, 1941. The treaty modified part of a decision reached by the Convention in 1924, and returned the control of Dominican Customs to its people. However, the agreement\u00a0stated that\u00a0the funds collected by the Dominican authorities had to be deposited in Santo Domingo at the main branch of the National City Bank of New York. Once there, one of the officials would distribute the income between the Dominican government and foreign creditors.\u00a0This\u00a0agreement, the creation of the\u00a0Banco\u00a0de\u00a0Reservas\u00a0(Bank of Reserves) in 1941, and the increase of fiscal revenue, due to the rise of\u00a0national\u00a0products in the international markets caused by World War II,\u00a0gave birth to\u00a0a process of reorganization of public finances and\u00a0by\u00a0July 21, 1947, the external debt was paid.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The 1937 Slaughter of Haitians and the \u201c<\/b><b>Dominicanization<\/b><b>\u201d of the Border<\/b><b>.<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b>A silent mass of Haitians, attracted by land and employment opportunity, lived in the Dominican Republic. The sugar industry was sustained to a great extent by their\u00a0work force. The settlement of Haitians on Dominican abandoned\u00a0lands\u00a0near the border\u00a0had been taking place for over a century and the\u00a0country had not been able to control\u00a0it. In 1937, the Haitian currency circulated\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0town of Mao in El\u00a0Cibao, and\u00a0Azua\u00a0in the south, and it was accepted in Santiago\u2019s markets.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In October of the same year, after a speech in the border city of\u00a0Dajab\u00f3n, Trujillo gave the order to assassinate all the Haitians who were found on national territory. More than 18,000 people died.\u00a0Only\u00a0those who managed to cross the border and those protected by sugar refineries\u00a0were able to survive.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0genocide created\u00a0an international repulsion and Trujillo, referring to the event as \u201cborder conflicts\u201d, paid the\u00a0Haitian government DR$750,000 as\u00a0\u201ccompensation\u201d.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>From then on, a type of crusade for the \u201cDominicanization\u201d of the border took\u00a0place, promoting the repopulation of the region with Dominican families who received land from the government, and with the creation of provinces that through administrative routes connected the border regions with the Capital of Republic.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Oppression<\/b><b>.<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b>The massacre of Haitians was part of the regime of terror that afflicted Dominicans and shed Dominican blood. The country was a big prison where surveillance, control, torture and murders were part of the everyday life. Nothing that was not service and acceptance of the will of the tyrant was allowed.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Trujillo used numerous instruments to keep under submission, not only his political adversaries and the entire population, but even his own collaborators. Among these instruments stand out the Army, the Military Intelligence Service (SIM),\u00a0groups such as the University Guard, the\u00a0Trujillista\u00a0Youth, and mechanisms such as the obligation to affiliate to his political party,\u00a0Partido\u00a0Dominicano, the mandatory military service and the entire school system. One of his fundamental strategies consisted on infiltrating the day to day life of the citizens through a network of \u201ccalieses\u201d or spies who would do anything to get the favor of the \u201cJefe\u201d (Chief). However, his biggest accomplishment was to place each citizen on a permanent dilemma to whether actively collaborate with the regime or to expose themselves and be classified as a \u201cdesafecto\u201d (adversary) and suffer the consequences.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Opposition<\/b><b>.<\/b>\u00a0In spite of the tyranny, there was resistance and political opposition. Different clandestine organizations and unions arose at the beginning of the 40s: Dominican Democratic and Revolutionary Party (1943), the Revolutionary Youth Party (1944), the Patriotic and Revolutionary Union Party, Socialist Popular Party (1946), the Local Work Federation (created by Mauricio Baez), the Dominican Liberation Movement (MLD).<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Between 1942 and 1946, syndicates activism reached a momentum in their fight against the dictatorship, when the number of labor unions reached 113, and a strike that affected the entire country took place in the refineries of La\u00a0Romana\u00a0and San Pedro de\u00a0Macoris.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Juan Bosch, Juan Isidro Jimenez\u00a0Grull\u00f3n,\u00a0Juancito\u00a0Rodr\u00edguez, Miguel \u00c1ngel Ram\u00edrez, Horacio Julio Ornes Coiscou, Tulio Arvelo, Rolando\u00a0Mart\u00ednez\u00a0Bonilla and Miguel\u00a0\u00c1ngel\u00a0Feliz\u00a0Arzeno, are some of the names of the Dominicans that confronted the dictatorship from exile.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The expeditions of patriots from\u00a0Cayo\u00a0Confites,\u00a0Luper\u00f3n, and\u00a0Constanza,\u00a0Maim\u00f3n\u00a0and Estero Hondo deserve particular mention. The first one, was organized from the Cuban province of Camag\u00fcey, and was aborted in 1947 due to the pressure that the United States government was exerting\u00a0on the Cuban government. The\u00a0Luper\u00f3n\u00a0expedition was planned from Guatemala to attack different military objectives, but only\u00a0one group was able to reach the Dominican coast\u00a0through the\u00a0Luper\u00f3n\u00a0bay and\u00a0they were suddenly attacked by the Trujillo\u2019s military forces in June 1949. Ten years later, in 1959,\u00a0the expedition\u00a0Constanza,\u00a0Maim\u00f3n\u00a0and Estero Hondo took\u00a0place. This one had been planned by the Dominican Liberation Movement, from Pinar del Rio, Cuba, where the revolutionaries had trained for three months.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Although the expedition of June 1959 was taken down, it produced a sudden fervor of political dissidence in the country which was\u00a0further\u00a0encouraged by a series of events, such as, the victory of the Cuban Revolution; the latent deterioration of\u00a0dictatorships\u00a0expressed in the frustrated assassination attempt of Venezuelan President Romulo Betancourt;\u00a0the break up with the Catholic Church;\u00a0and the increase on horrible crimes that were committed out of desperation by the regime\u00a0police.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>One of those crimes was committed against three <a href=\"\/historia\/las-hermanas-mirabal\/\">sisters, Patria,\u00a0Mar\u00eda\u00a0Teresa and Minerva\u00a0Mirabal<\/a>, and their driver,\u00a0Rufino\u00a0de la Cruz, who were cold-bloodedly assassinated on November 25, 1960.<\/p>\n<p><b>Execution<\/b><b>.<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b>The evening of May 30, 1961, a group of former officials and military men of Trujillo\u2019s government, ambushed the dictator as he was leaving the city on his way to his \u201cHacienda\u00a0Fundaci\u00f3n\u201d, in San Cristobal. Among the conspirators were Juan\u00a0Tom\u00e1s\u00a0D\u00edaz, Antonio de la\u00a0Maza, Antonio\u00a0Imbert\u00a0Barreras\u00a0and Luis\u00a0Amiama\u00a0Ti\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>After Trujillo<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>After Trujillo&#8217;s death, the Dominican Republic became a boiling pot of political groups and interests that made a space for\u00a0themselves\u00a0on the national scene. Some of the more visible groups were the Uni\u00f3n\u00a0C\u00edvica\u00a0Nacional\u00a0(UCN), headed by Doctor\u00a0Viriato\u00a0Fiallo; the\u00a0Partido\u00a0Revolucionario\u00a0Dominicano\u00a0(PRD),\u00a0created and directed by Professor Juan Bosch together with other political exiles; the\u00a0Vanguardia\u00a0Revolucionaria\u00a0Dominicana\u00a0(VRD), led by one of the participants of the\u00a0Luper\u00f3n\u00a0expedition,\u00a0Horacio\u00a0Julio\u00a0Ornes; and the\u00a0Movimiento\u00a0Revolucionario\u00a014 de\u00a0Junio\u00a0(MR-14J), a leftist organization directed by Manuel Tavares Justo.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Three significant tendencies tinged the actions of the different political forces. One attempted to maintain the principal points of the Trujillo power scheme;\u00a0another sought to create a\u00a0democracy as in the majority of Latin American countries;\u00a0and a third wanted to follow in the steps of the Cuban revolution.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i>State Council<\/i>.\u00a0Joaqu\u00edn\u00a0Balaguer, a prominent figure during the Trujillo regime, had arranged to take the presidency upon the death of the dictator. However, pressure from the popular sectors resulted in the establishment of a\u00a0State Council\u00a0on January 1, 1962.\u00a0Balaguer\u00a0managed to chair the Council, but he was replaced by Rafael F.\u00a0Bonelly\u00a0after a failed coup attempt.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This transition government occupied itself with organizing the first free elections in more than thirty years.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i>The\u00a0<\/i><i>C<\/i><i>onstitutional\u00a0<\/i><i>G<\/i><i>overnment of Juan Bosch<\/i>.\u00a0In the elections held on December 20, 1962, Professor Juan Bosch won by an overwhelming majority and assumed the presidency on February 27, 1963. His regime of public liberties and his promotion of a markedly liberal Constitution of the Republic were such obvious achievements in his seven months of government that they provoked contempt from conservative forces, allied with powerful U.S. interests. Businessmen, landholders, military men, traders, prominent members of the Catholic Church, the far right (of Trujillo roots), and the U.S. State Department, unified by the &#8220;threat&#8221; of Communism, joined in a common front to attack the democratic government of Professor Juan Bosch.<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The coup\u00a0d\u2019\u00e9tat\u00a0of September 25, 1963 put the Triumvirate in power, a repressive government that would be led, after its brief initial period, by Donald Read Cabral.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>He had joined the National Guard during the years of occupation, where he trained with the Americans and made a career. He took advantage of his promotions and accumulated wealth and power with the pretext of serving\u00a0Horacio\u00a0V\u00e1squez. In 1929, an administrative-financial audit conducted by Americans, who had been hired by the President of the Republic, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/historia\/trujillo\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Rafael Leonidas Trujillo&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1163,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1187","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1187"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1187"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11091,"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1187\/revisions\/11091"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dominicanaonline.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}